London is notorious for its traffic congestion; in 2009, the average speed of a car in the rush hour was recorded at 10.6 mph (17.1 km/h). Another broke into the grounds of Buckingham Palace, reportedly killing some of Queen Elizabeth II's prized pink flamingos. One of London's best-known annual sports competitions is the Wimbledon Tennis Championships, held at the All England Club in the south-western suburb of Wimbledon. [18] It exerts a considerable impact upon the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation. In particular the genres UK garage, drum and bass, dubstep and grime evolved in the city from the foreign genres of house, hip hop, and reggae, alongside local drum and bass. Certain functions, such as waste management, are provided through joint arrangements. Old Oak and Park Royal Development Corporation, London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority, counties for the purposes of lieutenancies, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, List of tallest buildings and structures in London, List of demolished buildings and structures in London, most populous city and metropolitan area of the European Union, List of universities and higher education colleges in London, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Richmond, The American International University in London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London College of Contemporary Arts (LCCA), Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance, Ealing, Hammersmith and West London College. Bei Allgemeinmedizinern liegt die Versorgung um rund ein Drittel unter dem deutschen Niveau. [254] It is mainly spoken by upper-class and upper-middle class Londoners. [166] However, an unofficial reading of −24 °C (−11 °F) was reported on 3 January 1740. [114], The administration of London is formed of two tiers: a citywide, strategic tier and a local tier. Lundenwic had a reduced population of around 10,000 people, and it's vulnerability to Viking raids eventually led to it being gradually moved back east to the old Londinium site to take advantage of the ancient Roman city walls. [225] In January 2005, a survey of London's ethnic and religious diversity claimed that there were more than 300 languages spoken in London and more than 50 non-indigenous communities with a population of more than 10,000. Gastronomic centres include the Bangladeshi restaurants of Brick Lane and the Chinese restaurants of Chinatown. [436] Lord's has hosted four finals of the Cricket World Cup, and is known as the Home of Cricket. [120], The London Fire Brigade is the statutory fire and rescue service for Greater London. [337] It cost £60 million to build and can carry up to 2,500 passengers per hour in each direction at peak times. [20] And in 2020, London had the second-highest number of billionaires of any city in Europe, after Moscow. [384] A Journal of the Plague Year (1722) by Daniel Defoe is a fictionalisation of the events of the 1665 Great Plague.[384]. Als Tourist muß man in der Währung Pfund in London bezahlen. Located in the south-east peninsula of Great Britain, London incorporates a population of about 8.788 million, making it the largest city of the UK… Read more about London Population 2021. In combination with the estimated 2017 population for the city and the Greater London area, the population density for each comes to about 7,700 residents per square mile in the city and 14,550 residents per square mile in the Greater London area. Following the invasion of Amsterdam by Napoleonic armies, many financiers relocated to London and the first London international issue was arranged in 1817. [148] The area of Greater London includes areas that are part of the historic counties of Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, Essex and Hertfordshire. Both are controlled by the City of London Corporation. [416][417] Hampstead Heath incorporates Kenwood House, a former stately home and a popular location in the summer months when classical musical concerts are held by the lake, attracting thousands of people every weekend to enjoy the music, scenery and fireworks. London's skyscrapers, such as 30 St Mary Axe, Tower 42, the Broadgate Tower and One Canada Square, are mostly in the two financial districts, the City of London and Canary Wharf. [102][103] Racial inequality was highlighted by the 1981 Brixton riot. [79] In total, more than 200 offences were punishable by death,[80] including petty theft. Victoria Coach Station has weekly passenger numbers of over 200,000 and provides services across the UK and Europe. [83] This unique concentration of talents accelerated the transition from the Commercial Revolution to the Industrial Revolution. The Ministry of Defence Police is a special police force in London, which does not generally become involved with policing the general public. [344], The Port of London, once the largest in the world, is now only the second-largest in the United Kingdom, handling 45 million tonnes of cargo each year as of 2009. [132] Ländername: Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Staats-/Regierungsform: Parlamentarische Monarchie mit zwei… Just 20 years later, the population had increased to 7,172,036 at the time of the 2001 census, and further increases are expected to push the population past 9 million by 2021. [23] In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted three modern Summer Olympic Games. [428], Two Premiership Rugby union teams are based in London, Harlequins and London Irish. [386] London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), The Long Good Friday (1980), The Great Mouse Detective (1986), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003), V For Vendetta (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2008) and The King's Speech (2010). These urban foxes are noticeably bolder than their country cousins, sharing the pavement with pedestrians and raising cubs in people's backyards. London then grew slowly until about 950, after which activity increased dramatically. [315] The Docklands Light Railway (DLR), which opened in 1987, is a second, more local metro system using smaller and lighter tram-type vehicles that serve the Docklands, Greenwich and Lewisham. London 's 2021 population is now estimated at 9,425,622. Im Jahr 1650 war die französische Hauptstadt Paris mit rund 400.000 Einwohnern die größte Stadt Europas. ", "Search | Climate Data Online (CDO) | National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)", "The impact of the 2003 heat wave on daily mortality in England and Wales and the use of rapid weekly mortality estimates", "Monthly Weather Report of the Meteorological Office", "This Summer Is The Driest in 57 Years, Met Office Confirms", "Philip Eden: Longest drought for 2 years – weatheronline.co.uk", "London's Urban Heat Island: A Summary for Decision Makers", "Ever Warmer as Temperatures Rival France", "The Monthly Weather Report for the Year 1929", "Heathrow 1981–2010 mean maximum and minimum values", "Information on latest house prices in the Royal Borough", "Average house prices in London jump 19 percent in a year", "Wildlife in London, England: LNHS Home page", "London's Amphibians and Reptile Populations Mapped", "Dead Whale Found Floating in the Thames Estuary 'Will Be Examined, "BBC Nature – A Question of Nature: How hidden is the UK's wild side? [264], London's finance industry is based in the City of London and Canary Wharf, the two major business districts in London. Many grand houses and public buildings, such as the National Gallery, are constructed from Portland stone. According to census records, the number of people living in London increased more than fivefold from 959,300 in 1801 to 5,572,012 in 1891. [383], London has been the setting for many works of literature. There are more than 360 railway stations in the London Travelcard Zones on an extensive above-ground suburban railway network. [99] In 1965 London's political boundaries were expanded to take into account the growth of the urban area and a new Greater London Council was created. London is also home to sizeable Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and Jewish communities. Degrees during this time were awarded by the federal university, however the college now issues its own degrees. [252] It has no specific geographical correlate,[253] although it is also traditionally defined as the standard speech used in London and south-eastern England. Das Ballungsgebiet von London dehnt sich über das eigentliche Stadtgebiet von Greater London hinaus und zählt 12,6 Millionen Einwohner. Dort bekommt man einen besseren Kurs. [21] London's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe,[22] and London is home to highly ranked institutions such as Imperial College London in natural and applied sciences, the London School of Economics and social sciences, as well as the comprehensive University College London. The population density is 5,177 inhabitants per square kilometre (13,410/sq mi),[218] more than ten times that of any other British region. A rare population of melanistic, black fallow deer is also maintained at the Deer Sanctuary near Theydon Bois. [219] In terms of population, London is the 19th largest city and the 18th largest metropolitan region. [110] On 7 July 2005, three London Underground trains and a double-decker bus were bombed in a series of terrorist attacks. Einwohner laut Melderegister (Stand 31.12.2020, am 31.12.2019 waren es auch 3,77 Mio.). Industrialization led to increased urbanization and this, combined with London's growing prominence, led to some dramatic population increases. [24] The city was also the host of the British Empire Games in 1934. [263] On average the price per square metre in central London is €24,252 (April 2014). London is one of the pre-eminent financial centres of the world as the most important location for international finance. Weeknd London London Tickets - London 2021 Ticket London's average July high is 24 °C (74 °F). Die britische Hauptstadt London, damals Hauptstadt des kurzlebigen republikanischen Commonwealth of England, kam auf rund 350.000 Einwohner. population. Although rail freight levels are far down compared to their height, significant quantities of cargo are also carried into and out of London by rail; chiefly building materials and landfill waste. Zum 1. An Update", "PFI: The New Headquarters for the Home Office - Eighteenth Report of Session 2003–04", "Metropolis: 027 London, World Association of the Major Metropolises", "New coastland map could help strengthen sea defences", "Thames Barrier gets extra time as London's main flood defence", "Niederschlagsmonatssummen KEW GARDENS 1697- 1987", "Average Annual Precipitation by City in the US - Current Results", "Average Yearly Precipitation for Cities in Europe - Current Results", "Sydney climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Sydney water temperature - Climate-Data.org", "What's The Coldest It's Ever Been In London? [197] They also state that over 60 species of bird nest in central London and that their members have recorded 47 species of butterfly, 1173 moths and more than 270 kinds of spider around London. London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has many affiliated teaching hospitals. [142], Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt,[143] although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area. Sie hat eine Fläche von 12.012 km² und 12.278.210 Einwohner (Stand Januar 2020). [192], London's buildings are too diverse to be characterised by any particular architectural style, partly because of their varying ages. Nevertheless, there are a number of tall skyscrapers in central London (see Tall buildings in London), including the 95-storey Shard London Bridge, the tallest building in the United Kingdom. ", "What's The Coldest It's Ever Been in London? The current 2021 projection puts the London population at 9,221,300 according to the London Datastore. The fortifications failed their only test when the New Model Army entered London in 1647,[70] and they were levelled by Parliament the same year. During the Georgian era, new districts such as Mayfair were formed in the west; new bridges over the Thames encouraged development in South London. The London Underground, commonly referred to as the Tube, is the oldest[309] and third longest[310] metro system in the world. [275][276][277] In February 2014 London was ranked as the European City of the Future[278] in the 2014/15 list by FDi Magazine. [279], The gas and electricity distribution networks that manage and operate the towers, cables and pressure systems that deliver energy to consumers across the city are managed by National Grid plc, SGN[280] and UK Power Networks. In the dense areas, most of the concentration is via medium- and high-rise buildings. Further out is, for example, the Tudor-period Hampton Court Palace, England's oldest surviving Tudor palace, built by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey c.1515.[193]. [244] The community set up the London Jewish Forum in 2006 in response to the growing significance of devolved London Government. [108] To celebrate the start of the 21st century, the Millennium Dome, London Eye and Millennium Bridge were constructed. In 2007 the Mayor of London assumed responsibility for some local lines, which now form the London Overground network, adding to the existing responsibility for the London Underground, trams and buses. In 1950, the population of … mal 1,3 190,8 Mio. [368] Members of the University of London have their own admissions procedures, and most award their own degrees. ", "Millennium projects: 10 years of good luck", "Who runs London - Find Out Who Runs London and How", "Labour's Khan becomes first Muslim mayor of London after bitter campaign", "London Government Directory - London Borough Councils", "Local Government Financial Statistics England No.21 (2011)", "Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street", "Recorded Crime: Geographic Breakdown – Metropolitan Police Service", "London murder rate up 14% over the past year", "Metropolitan Police Crime Mapping Data Tables", "Sadiq Khan Holds City Hall Summit on How To Tackle Violent Crime", "Reports of Cases in Chancery, Argued and Determined in the Rolls Court", "The Essex, Greater London and Hertfordshire (County and London Borough Boundaries) Order", "London — Features — Where is the Centre of London? [91], The 1948 Summer Olympics were held at the original Wembley Stadium, at a time when London was still recovering from the war. What was formerly the Millennium Dome, by the Thames to the east of Canary Wharf, is now an entertainment venue called the O2 Arena. [160] The wettest year on record is 1903, with a total fall of 38.1 inches (969 mm) and the driest is 1921, with a total fall of 12.1 inches (308 mm). Von 1973 bis 2020 war es Mitglied der EWG bzw. A large proportion, 20.73% of respondents, stated that they followed no religion. In 1950, the population of London was 8,360,847. [112] In January 2015, Greater London's population was estimated to be 8.63 million, the highest level since 1939. With 178,735 students in London[365] and around 48,000 in University of London Worldwide,[366] the federal University of London is the largest contact teaching university in the UK. [316] London has Britain's busiest station by number of passengers—Waterloo, with over 184 million people using the interchange station complex (which includes Waterloo East station) each year. The National Portrait Gallery was founded in 1856 to house depictions of figures from British history; its holdings now comprise the world's most extensive collection of portraits. Imperial College London was a constituent college of the University of London between 1908 and 2007. High-rise development is restricted at certain sites if it would obstruct protected views of St Paul's Cathedral and other historic buildings. ", "Where Is The Centre of London? [140][141] The London telephone area code (020) covers a larger area, similar in size to Greater London, although some outer districts are excluded and some places just outside are included. [41], In 2010, the foundations of a large timber structure, dated to between 4800 BC and 4500 BC,[42] were found on the Thames's south foreshore, downstream of Vauxhall Bridge. [60] In 1264 during the Second Barons' War, Simon de Montfort's rebels killed 500 Jews while attempting to seize records of debts. The plan called for the Corporation of the city to extend its jurisdiction and administration over expanding areas around the city. Additionally, in 2011, Scotland's population was 96% white, while Northern Ireland's population was over 98% white. London's 2021 population is now estimated at 9,425,622. ", "Government Offices for the English Regions, Fact Files: London", "London: The Everything Capital of the World", "The World's Most Influential Cities 2014", "London is 'the most desirable city in the world to work in', study finds", "The top 10 cities around the world with the most ultra-wealthy people, ranked", "World's Richest Cities: The Top 10 Cities Billionaires Call Home", "Number of international students in London continues to grow", "Times Higher Education World University Rankings", "Top Universities: Imperial College London", "IOC elects London as the Host City of the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012", "Largest EU City. Indians account for 6.6 per cent of the population, followed by Pakistanis and Bangladeshis at 2.7 per cent each. [348] The M25 is the second-longest ring-road motorway in Europe at 117 mi (188 km) long. This was borne out of London's ever-increasing role as a major international financial centre during the 1980s. London is a major retail centre and in 2010 had the highest non-food retail sales of any city in the world, with a total spend of around £64.2 billion. By the outbreak of the second world war, 8,615,245 people were living in London, although by then it had just lost its status as the largest city in the world to New York. [207], Herds of red and fallow deer also roam freely within much of Richmond and Bushy Park. [118] The local authorities are the councils of the 32 London boroughs and the City of London Corporation. [55][56], In the 12th century, the institutions of central government, which had hitherto accompanied the royal English court as it moved around the country, grew in size and sophistication and became increasingly fixed in one place. London has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb ). The Thames is a tidal river, and London is vulnerable to flooding. in Kennington. [155], Since the Victorian era the Thames has been extensively embanked, and many of its London tributaries now flow underground. The well-known St Paul's Cathedral in the City and Southwark Cathedral south of the river are Anglican administrative centres,[231] while the Archbishop of Canterbury, principal bishop of the Church of England and worldwide Anglican Communion, has his main residence at Lambeth Palace in the London Borough of Lambeth. Foxes have even sneaked into the Houses of Parliament, where one was found asleep on a filing cabinet. [121] National Health Service ambulance services are provided by the London Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust, the largest free-at-the-point-of-use emergency ambulance service in the world. 450-1100)-language text, Articles containing Proto-Celtic-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 2: Weather Atlas (percent sunshine and UV Index), 020, 01322, 01689, 01708, 01737, 01895, 01923, 01959, 01992, This page was last edited on 24 April 2021, at 20:36. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War, but had declined to 7,192,091 at the 2001 Census. [78] In 1708 Christopher Wren's masterpiece, St Paul's Cathedral was completed. Muntjac deer, which escaped from deer parks at the turn of the twentieth century, are also found in the forest. [426] Other professional teams in London are AFC Wimbledon, Barnet, Brentford, Bromley, Dagenham & Redbridge, Leyton Orient, Millwall, and Sutton United. [170], Summers are generally warm, sometimes hot. [387] Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens, and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. A number of universities in London are outside the University of London system, including Brunel University, Imperial College London,[note 6] Kingston University, London Metropolitan University,[369] University of East London, University of West London, University of Westminster, London South Bank University, Middlesex University, and University of the Arts London (the largest university of art, design, fashion, communication and the performing arts in Europe). The opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994 connected London directly to the continental rail network, allowing Eurostar services to begin. Juni 2020 Nordrhein-Westfalen NRW-Einwohnerzahl steigt leicht: Bleibt unter 18 Millionen Düsseldorf (dpa/lnw) - Nordrhein-Westfalens Einwohnerzahl ist im vergangenen Jahr leicht gestiegen. It existed until 1853, when the Hanseatic cities of Lübeck, Bremen and Hamburg sold the property to South Eastern Railway. Einwohner), Birmingham (2,5 Mio. Sie gehört aber auch zu einer der häufig von Urlaubern aus aller Welt besuchten Metropolen Europas, und auch die Einwohnerzahl kann sich sehen lassen. [122] The London Air Ambulance charity operates in conjunction with the LAS where required. [327], London's bus network runs 24 hours a day, with about 9,300 vehicles, more than 675 bus routes and around 19,000 bus stops. Later called "The Great Refusal", this decision largely continues to account for the unique governmental status of the City. [67], In 1637, the government of Charles I attempted to reform administration in the area of London. ", "Oyster card celebrates 150th Tube anniversary", "Tube breaks record for passenger numbers", "£18bn Crossrail line delayed again to autumn 2021", "Crossrail's giant tunnelling machines unveiled", "Great Britain National Rail Train Operators", "Government support for the bus industry and concessionary travel (England) (BUS05)", "Most Accessible Cities Around The World", "Leading the way - Travelling with a sensory impairment in London", "Victoria Coach Station – Celebrating 75 years of service", "Tram-endous boost for travellers - Transport for London", "Statement of Accounts for the Year Ended 31 March 2008", "The Emirates Air Line: Take a flight over London on the Thames Cable Car", "United Kingdom: Greater London: Boroughs – Population Statistics, Charts and Map", "The 20 Most Bike-Friendly Cities on the Planet", "Slash to cycling budget false, says Transport for London", "Where is the most cycle-friendly city in the world? [203] In wilder areas of Outer London, such as Epping Forest, a wide variety of mammals are found, including European hare, badger, field, bank and water vole, wood mouse, yellow-necked mouse, mole, shrew, and weasel, in addition to red fox, grey squirrel and hedgehog. [269] Over 85 per cent (3.2 million) of the employed population of greater London works in the services industries. [190][191], The East End is the area closest to the original Port of London, known for its high immigrant population, as well as for being one of the poorest areas in London. [400][401][402] London is also a centre for urban music. The first half of the 20th century saw sustained, and fairly rapid growth and London's population reached its highest point in 1939. [340][341] This relatively low percentage of bicycle users may be due to the poor investments for cycling in London of about £110 million per year,[342] equating to around £12 per person, which can be compared to £22 in the Netherlands. [172] The previous record high was 38 °C (100 °F) in August 1911 at the Greenwich station. According to the 2011 census, 262,247 people living in London were born in India. At Kew, the most rainfall in one month is 7.4 inches (189 mm) in November 1755 and the least is 0 inches (0 mm) in both December 1788 and July 1800. It is integrated with London's Oyster Card ticketing system, although the Emirates Air Line fares are not included in the Oyster daily capping. William Shakespeare spent a large part of his life living and working in London; his contemporary Ben Jonson was also based there, and some of his work, most notably his play The Alchemist, was set in the city. [69] [214], However, London's continuous urban area extends beyond the borders of Greater London and was home to 9,787,426 people in 2011,[29] while its wider metropolitan area has a population of between 12 and 14 million depending on the definition used.
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