Treatment of patients at high risk for influenza complications should NOT wait for laboratory confirmation of influenza. This page contains excerpts from Antiviral Agents for the Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Influenza - Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Influenza A and B have similar structures: a negative-strand RNA consisting of eight gene segments encapsulated and covered by the proteins hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix 2.1 The HA protein recognizes and attaches itself to a host cell, where the virus RNA traps itself in an endosome, releasing its viral particles into the nucleus of the host cell for replication.5,6 The influenza A virus first replicates in the nasopharynx and eventually moves replication to the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, Inc; 2016. https://online.lexi.com. ANTIVIRAL PROPHYLAXIS. Monoclonal antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and small molecule antiviral drugs could be used for pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis. Remdesivir. Studies have shown that the drug has antiviral potential against chikungunya, yellow fever, West Nile, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), dengue, and influenza. Throughout, mechanisms need to be in place to monitor antiviral resistance, which might emerge as a problem with extensive use of the drugs. As the number and types of pediatric transplants increase and the complexity of chemotherapy regimens continues to evolve, there is a greater need for authoritative guidance, clinically actionable strategies, and easy-to-find information in Accessed January 14, 2017.11. The agents for treatment and chemoprophylaxis are the same, and pharmacists should play an active role in ensuring that the correct dosage is used for the correct indication. An essential, up-to-date and evidence-based revision guide designed in the style of the Final FFICM structured oral examination. The virus consists of three typesinfluenza A, influenza B, and influenza Cbut influenza C is rarely seen. Unvaccinated women who come in contact with the virus should receive prophylactic antiviral therapy. Long-term suppression may be required in these cases. The seventh edition of the Canadian Immunization Guide was developed by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI), with the support ofthe Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, to If an unimmunized patient has had close contact with a person with chicken pox or herpes zoster, VZIG should be given within 96 hours of exposure. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011;60:1-24.19. Fluids should be consumed throughout the illness to prevent complications from dehydration. Once influenza is diagnosed, nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment options should be considered to manage symptoms and decrease the duration and severity of the virus. This book describes a practical approach to the diagnosis, management, and prevention of infectious complications in solid-organ transplant (SOT) candidates and recipients, based on both up-to-date clinical evidence and state of the art www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-1516estimates.htm. Whitley RJ, Monto AS. Given the current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics, our model predicts that prophylactic antiviral therapy can block (or at least delay) a viral infection, could be administered to people at risk such as health care workers, and alleviate the burden on the healthcare systems caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. J Infect Dis. Lexi-Comp Online. Dunstan HJ, Mill AC, Stephens S, Yates LM, Thomas SH. The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes four major structural proteins: spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N), as well as nonstructural and accessory proteins. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The global reliance on basically 1 drug from 1 source cannot be allowed to continue. The existing information on the safety of oseltamavir and zanamavir, the most used antivirals, is limited but reassuring. Influenza A viruses, and occasionally influenza B strains, cause recurrent, almost annual epidemics in Canada, with significant morbidity, mortality and economic loss ().The principle of immunization to minimize the impact of influenza illness in individuals and populations is widely accepted, as is the notion that antiviral drugs have a role in the management and . Strategy 1: Therapeutic Antiviral Use. Effectively review for problem-based courses with the help of text boxes that help you clearly see the clinical relevance of the material. Accessed January 14, 2017.16. 2009;48:1003-1032.20. Ikematsu H, Hayden FG, Kawaguchi K, et al. Maintenance Anti-CD20 , rituximab, obinutuzumab) No routine prophylaxis No routine prophylaxis No routine prophylaxis Acyclovir 400 mg BID Hepatitis B screen prior to initiation Throughout all chemotherapy cycles These agents exert an inhibitory effect on influenza A subtypes (H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2) early in the viral replicative cycle. Nonpharmacologic Treatment: Nonpharmacologic recommendations for influenza are bed rest, avoidance of other persons, and hydration. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. PEP, or post-exposure prophylaxis, is a short course of HIV medicines taken very soon after a possible exposure to HIV to prevent the virus from taking hold in your body. 2003;326:1235.25. Peramivir. The workshop summary, The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? addresses these urgent concerns. The neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir [Tamiflu] and zanamivir [Relenza]) are preferred agents because of current widespread resistance to the adamantanes (amantadine [Symmetrel] and rimantadine [Flumadine]). Drugs used for Influenza Prophylaxis The following list of medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of this condition. The drug is also being tested as a prophylactic treatment for malaria . Selecting viruses for the seasonal influenza vaccine. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be used to relieve fever, headache, and muscle aches. PEP, or post-exposure prophylaxis, is a short course of HIV medicines taken very soon after a possible exposure to HIV to prevent the virus from taking hold in your body. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) detect viral antigens and are among the most commonly used diagnostic tools because results are available rapidly (<15 minutes). Antiviral treatment works best when started soon after flu illness begins.
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