Despite his accomplishments, Henry IV endured multiple assassination attempts. Prince Henry spent most of his early childhood in Béarn. Corrections? Henry fought on the side of the Huguenots during the Wars of Religion and became the King of Navarre after his mother’s death. Henry de Bourbon-Navarre was the son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke de Vendôme, and Jeanne d’Albret, queen of Navarre from 1555. Henri IV of France: His Reign and Age by Vincent J. Pitts unfolds chronologically towards the assassination of Henri IV in 1610 to emphasise it as key moment in the development of the French monarchy, as well the reigns importance in the transition from the Valois to the Bourbon dynasty. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France. Once free, he displayed his sharp intellect and political acumen in his role as protector of the Protestant churches. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Henry became King Henry IV, but it would take a nine-year siege of Paris to secure his crown from the influence of the Holy League and Spanish interference. Henry IV (15 April 1367 – 20 March 1413) was King of England from 1399 to 1413. While in the service of Spain, the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan led the first European voyage of discovery to circumnavigate the globe. Henry III was stabbed on August 1, 1589, and died the next day after declaring Henry of Navarre his successor. Desc: Henry IV, also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.He was the first monarch of France from the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. Many persons, including Catherine de Médicis, hoped the civil war had come to an end. He was succeeded by Queen Elizabeth II in 1952. However, that conclusion was cast into doubt a few years later, when DNA tests revealed the head had no royal genetic match. Dezember 1553 (nach einigen Quellen am 14. The Huguenots fared badly, and Henry, evaluating the situation, was able to persuade his coreligionists to give up the struggle and accept the Treaty of Bergerac on Sept. 17, 1577, despite the sacrifices it imposed on them. He was assassinated in 1610 by François Ravaillac, a fanatical Catholic, and was succeeded by his son Louis … Henry was born in Pau in the Kingdom of Navarre, which is in modern-day France. Louis XVII was recognized by royalists as the King of France from 1793, when he was 8, until his death in 1795. The Henri IV Hotel invites you on a journey through literary and artistic Paris in the heart of the historic district of the city of lights. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. His descendants are varied and numerous. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-IV-king-of-France, Web Gallery of Art - Biography of Henry IV, Gaston-Jean-Baptiste, duc d’Orléans, duc d’Anjou. https://www.biography.com/royalty/henry-iv. At a crucial age in his intellectual development, he was brought up in the strict principles of Protestantism. Ordered by his brother-in-law Charles IX to abjure his Protestant faith, Henry yielded. Louis XVI was the last king of France (1774–92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789. His Father Solved It. Christian Desplat states, "With Henry IV, the king of France was rebaptized as the first soldier of the realm; the function of monarchy had thus returned to its original purpose." The religious crisis between Roman Catholic and Protestant (Huguenot) forces was then coming to a head, leading to a long period of civil war. Henry of Navarre acted boldly, defeating the army of Henry III in the crucial Battle of Coutras on Oct 20, 1587. Henry IV granted religious freedom to Protestants by issuing the Edict of Nantes during his reign as king of France, from 1589 to 1610. From 1561 to 1567 he lived with his second cousins, the children of the king of France, among whom was his future wife Margaret. Henry, through his father, was in the sole legitimate line of descent from the Capetian kings of France. A statue of him was built in his honor at the Pont Neuf in 1614, only four years after his death. King Henry IV of England married Mary the Bohun in June 1380. Though he was not a great strategist, his courage and gallantry made him a great military leader. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Omissions? Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz was a 17th century nun, self-taught scholar and acclaimed writer of the Latin American colonial period and the Hispanic Baroque. Heinrich wurde am 13. In order to strengthen the peace, a marriage was arranged between Prince Henry and Margaret of Valois of the French royal house. His father was of the royal house of Bourbon in France. In the autumn of 1567, he served as nominal head of a punitive expedition launched against the rebellious Roman Catholic gentry of lower Navarre, which ended in an easy victory. The Second Life of Henri IV’s Severed Head Whether it’s lying in the grave or sitting in a Paris bank vault, the monarch’s cranium has been the subject of much debate since his untimely demise Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. However, the spread of civil war made him reflect on its disastrous effect on France. Having united the kingdom and attained peace at home and abroad, Henry IV proceeded to bring prosperity back to France. Both Henry (1553–1610) and his first wife Margaret of Valois, whom he married in 1572, were r Henry V is a 1989 British historical drama film adapted for the screen and directed by Kenneth Branagh, based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name about King Henry V of England.The film stars Branagh in the title role with Paul Scofield, Derek Jacobi, Ian Holm, Emma Thompson, Alec McCowen, Judi Dench, Robbie Coltrane, Brian Blessed, and Christian Bale in supporting roles. Henry IV of France is important because he managed to bring an end to the bloodshed and establish peace. After Henry of Navarre became King Henry IV of France, he issued an edict in 1607, that established the head of the French state and the Bishop of Urgell as Co-Princes of Andorra. French philosopher Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu, was a highly influential political thinker during the Age of Enlightenment. Henry IV of France King of France. In February 1576, however, he at last succeeded in escaping from the French court, whereupon he recanted and joined the combined forces of Protestants and Catholic rebels against Henry III.  Henry was a Huguenot. Henry IV of France, who ruled from 1589 till his death in 1610, was the first Bourbon monarch to sit on the throne of France. Formerly known as Henri of Navarre, he succeeded to the French throne with the extinction of House of Valois, at the death of Henry III of France. H.H. With the aid of such ministers as the Duke de Sully, he His mother was Queen Joan III and Antoine de Bourbon the Duke of Vendome. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! He abdicated the throne in order to marry his lover, Wallis Simpson, thereafter taking the title Duke of Windsor. The first of the Bourbon kings of France, Henry IV brought unity and prosperity to the country after the ruinous 16th-century Wars of Religion. Updates? It was scarcely to be expected, however, that he would one day succeed to the throne of France, since Catherine de Médicis had already borne three sons to the reigning king, Henry II, and would soon bear him a fourth. George VI served as king of the United Kingdom during World War II and was an important symbolic leader. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He was killed on May 14, 1610, in Paris, France. Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁiˈkatʁ]), also known by the epithet "Good King Henry", was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. As a Huguenot, Henry was involved in the Wars of Religion before ascending the throne in 1589. A Calvinist , he converted to Catholicism to satisfy the wishes of 90% or more of the population of France . Prior to that, he was known as Henry III of … Around that time, Henry also issued the Edict of Nantes, which confirmed Roman Catholicism as the state religion but granted religious freedom to Protestants. Pope Clement reversed Henry's excommunication and Henry brokered the Peace of Vervins between France and Spain on May 2, 1598. He was married to Marie Antoinette and was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793. In a macabre postscript, the head of Henry IV's embalmed body was reportedly lost after revolutionaries ransacked the Basilica in 1793. Henry IV granted religious freedom to Protestants by issuing the Edict of Nantes during his reign as king of France, from 1589 to 1610. Henry IV of France was a famous King of France, who was born on December 13, 1553.As a person born on this date, Henry IV of France is listed in our database as the … With the aid of such ministers as the Duke de Sully, he brought new prosperity to France. The couple had six children among which Prince Henry, who later became King Henry V of England, was the eldest surviving son. Next year, France will hold a national Mass and funeral for Henry IV. Henry’s mother was the Queen of Navarre — a small, but strategic principality on the Northern end of the border between Spain and France. He was stabbed to death by a Catholic fanatic on May 14, 1610, and subsequently buried in the Basilica of Saint-Denis in Paris. He was part of the Capetian dynasty and … His conversion to Roman Catholicism was obviously of dubious sincerity, and he was therefore held for three-and-a-half years at the courts of Charles IX and then Henry III. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Henry IV is considered one of the greatest kings of France and was instrumental in ending the French Wars Of Religion . By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Careful to restrain his impatience, he hid his forceful personality from his detainers. Henry the Navigator, a 15th century Portuguese prince, helped usher in both the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic slave trade. Jeanne d’Albret took Henry to the new leader of the Protestant forces, Gaspard de Coligny, who gave the young prince his military education. Despite converting to Catholicism after becoming king of France in 1589, Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes to foster religious tolerance. Peace was concluded in August 1570, and a very liberal edict was granted the Protestants. During the 1893 Columbian Exposition, he lured victims into his elaborate 'Murder Castle.'. His Dad Had Enemies. The Protestants were surprised and defeated near Jarnac on March 13, 1569, by the Duke d’Anjou, the future Henry III, and Condé was killed. He converted to Catholicism, and after winning several key battles, Paris finally capitulated on March 22, 1594. Dezember) in Schloss Pau in den südwestfranzösischen Pyrenäen – an der Grenze zur französischen Region Béarn – als zweiter Sohn des katholischen Herzogs von Vendôme, Anton von Bourbon, und der protestantischen Königin von Navarra, Johanna von Albret, geboren, weswegen er auch Henri le Béarnais genannt wurde. Henry IV, also called (until 1572) Prince de Béarn, byname Henry of Navarre, or Henry of Bourbon, French Henri de Navarre, or Henry de Bourbon, (born Dec. 13, 1553, Pau, Béarn, Navarre [France]—died May 14, 1610, Paris, France), king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman Catholicism (1593) in order to win Paris and reunify France. Holmes was the alias of one of America's first serial killers. Andorra - Wikipedia The images of Napoleon and his eagle were removed and replaced by the image of King Henry IV, the popular first king of the Bourbon line. The situation brought about the War of the Three Henrys, pitting Henry against King Henry III of France and the staunchly Catholic Henry, Duke of Guise. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Following the death of his mother in June 1572, Henry became king of Navarre. Henry of Navarre was born in Pau, France, on December 13, 1553. His parents were Queen Jeanne III and King Antoine of Navarre. But once he took power in 1589, he was in a situation where France was in war. The Crown and Conflict. Henry IV (French: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He lowered taxes on French citizens, made peace with the Ottoman Empire and opened up trade routes to East Asia. Henry’s mother, Jeanne d’Albret, held firm and announced her Calvinism in 1560. He was opposed by the Holy League, made up of Catholic aristocrats, and Pope Clement VIII, who excommunicated the French heir from the church. the son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme and Queen Jeanne III of Navarre. Henry had just turned 13 when his mother brought him back to Béarn. Henry distinguished himself and the experience forged a soldierly spirit within him. Henry IV of France was born in 1553 and died in 1610. He also became notorious for his sexual exploits, taking on many lovers and earning the nickname "Le Vert Gallant" (The Gay Old Spark). set sail to France in 1415, just two years after his coronation. Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. Eventually, Spanish interference with French succession prompted Henry III to join forces with Henry of Navarre to take control of Paris and the French countryside. The founder of the Bourbon dynasty, Henry IV, who ruled France from 1589 to 1610, is the most romantic of French kings. His parents, who became king and queen of Navarre shortly after Henry was born, were of different faiths and exemplified the strife in France between the Huguenots (Protestants) and Catholics. Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses - Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses played a significant role in the politics of his reign. Henry distinguished himself at the Battle of Arnay-le-Duc on June 26, 1570, when he led the first charge of the Huguenot cavalry. Considered a usurper by Catholics and a traitor by Protestants, his charm and genuine care for the people's needs could not mollify his enemies. Henri IV, dit « le Grand », né sous le nom d'Henri de Bourbon le 13 décembre 1553 à Pau et mort assassiné le 14 mai 1610 à Paris, est roi de Navarre à partir du 9 juin 1572 sous le nom d' Henri III [a], et roi de France sous le nom d'Henri IV du 2 août 1589 à sa mort en 1610. The long campaign through the ravaged provinces, extending from Poitou to the heart of Burgundy, forged in him the soldierly spirit that he would retain throughout his life and made him reflect on the disaster that had befallen the kingdom. Henry IV, king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman Catholicism (1593) in order to win Paris and reunify France.
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