The modern history of blasphemy in Austrian criminal law begins with section 61 of Part II of the Criminal Code of 13 January 1787, enacted under the enlightened despot Joseph II: If anyone should be destitute of reason to such an extent as sacrilegiously to blaspheme the Almighty in pub During his time in power, Joseph issued decrees that promoted equality and education, but the speed and scope of his reforms led to problems for him and his empire. Courtesy Embassy of Austria, Washington. As a boy, he had toured the countryside with his mother, and been affected by the conditions in which the peasants lived. Future Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II became co-regent with his mother, Maria Theresa, in 1765, and sole ruler in 1780. He wanted to sweep away anything standing in the path of reason. He abolished serfdom, removed restrictions against Jews, gave religious freedom to Protestants and Orthodox and tried to weaken power of Catholic church. When Joseph died in 1790, his brother, Leopold II (r. 1790-92), had to reverse many of the reforms … During the ten years in which Joseph was the sole ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy (1780–1790), he attempted to legislate a series of drastic reforms to remodel Austria in the form of what liberals saw as an ideal Enlightened state. But as soon he died all his reforms were abolished Joseph II ruled Austria from 1780 through 1790. The ideological rigidity with which Joseph II carried out his reforms also weakened the Habsburg Dynasty by provoking social unrest and, in Hungary and Belgium, rebellion. Although her husband was emperor, Maria Theresa ruled the Habsburg lands. That same morning, the enlightenment in Austria died as well. TIL that Habsburg Emperor Joseph II tried to reform Austria into "ideal Enlightened state". The successor of Maria Theresa who was determined to make changes and to carry on his chief goal of enhancing Habsburg power within the monarchy and Europe. Patent of Toleration issued by Emperor Joseph II, 1781 . Joseph II (German: Josef Benedikt Anton Michel Adam; English: Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from November 1780 until his death. Hospitals and schools were run by the Church and there was no specific provision for the old, the disabled and lunatics.Joseph established the most comprehensive welfare system in Europe. Joseph II by Anton von Maron, 1775 Josephinism was the collective domestic policies of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1765–1790). Maria Theresa (r. 1740-80) reformed and united Habsburg holdings. In the early morning hours of 20 February 1790, after a lengthy and debilitating illness, Joseph II, Holy Roman emperor and ruler of all Hapsburg lands, died in his bed at age 49. Joseph II. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette. Before 1780, Austria had no government funded welfare agencies. Joseph II-reforms. THE REFORMS OF MARIA THERESA AND JOSEPH II Baroque Absolutism and Enlightened Despotism. After a reign of ten years and fully aware of his failure, he ended his unhappy and lonely existence (20 February, 1790), leaving even the monarchy itself in peril. Summary. Answer (1 of 1): Joseph's social reform was the area which he was most influenced by Enlightenment thinkers. Joseph undertook his reforms with the best intentions, but left only vague and incomplete semblances of reform. During the ten years in which Joseph was the sole ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy (1780–1790), he attempted to legislate a series of drastic reforms to remodel Austria in the form of what liberals saw as an ideal Enlightened state. ... Joseph II’s reforms did not last much longer than he did, which can be attributed to his early death and problems with foreign diplomacy. Josephinism was the collective domestic policies of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1765–1790). Joseph II (1741–1790), Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Hapsburg (Austrian) territories, was the arch-embodiment of the Enlightenment spirit of the later 18th century reforming monarchs known as the benevolent despots, or enlightened despots.
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